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Tiago Saraiva

FASCIST PIGS

^{TECHNOSCIENTIFIC ORGANISMS AND THE HISTORY OF FASCISM}

List of Illustrations

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Fascism as Alternative Modernity

Food and the Fascist Organic Nation

Model Organisms, Industrialized Organisms, and Fascism

Fascist Ontology and the Structure of the Book

I Nation

1 Wheat: Food Battles, Elite Breeds, and Mussolini’s Fascist Regime

The Italian War for Bread Independence

Producing and Circulating Purity

The Seeds of Victory

Human and Non-Human Arditi

2 Wheat: The Integral Nation, Genetics, and Salazar’s Corporatist Fascist State

Integral Wheat Fields

The Portuguese Wheat Campaign: Chemical Fertilizers and Large Estates

Ardito in Portugal: Plant Breeding and the Fascist Corporatist State

Modernism, Genetics, and the New State

3 Potatoes: Pests, Plant Breeding, and the Growth of the Nazi State

World War I Famines and Potatoes

Wart

The BRA and the RNS: The Streamlined Estate and the 1934 Seed Decree

The Colorado Potato Beetle

Late Blight

Viruses

Experimental Systems and the Expansion of the Nazi Regime

4 Pigs: The Bodenständig Scientific Community in Nazi Germany

Breeding and Feeding Pigs and Germans

German Academia and Pig Modernization in the Interwar Years: The Emergence of Performance Records

Performance Tests and the Nazi Bureaucracy

Nutritional Freedom and Fats

Bodenständigkeit (Rootedness in the Soil)

Fascist Pigs

II Empire

5 Coffee, Rubber, and Cotton: Cash Crops, Forced Labor, and Fascist Imperialism in Ethiopia, Mozambique, and Eastern Europe

Coffee and the Colonization of Italian East Africa

European Heart of Darkness: Rubber and the Role of Auschwitz as a Colonial Agricultural Experiment Station

Cotton Breeding and Portugal’s Colonial Regime in Mozambique

Conclusion

6 Sheep: Fascist Settlers and the Colonization of Africa and Europe

Karakul and the Nazi Eastern Empire

Karakul as Model Organism and Industrialized Organism: Curl Formation and Fur Markets

Circulating Karakul I: Uzbekistan, Germany, and South West Africa

Circulating Karakul II: Germany, Italy, Libya, and Ethiopia

Circulating Karakul III: South West Africa and Angola

Conclusion

Conclusion

Index

Inside Technology

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